Ear and hearing
Cholesteatoma
A cholesteatoma is a build-up of skin cells behind the eardrum. It is not cancer, but it can damage the ear over time. Surgery is usually needed to remove it.
ENT care in Bandra, MumbaiAbout Dr Adip Shetty
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Signs that need an ear examination
Discharge that keeps returning, especially with reduced hearing in one ear, deserves an ENT assessment. There may be pressure or pain, but a cholesteatoma can also be painless.
Why treatment matters
Skin cells collect in a pocket that cannot clean itself. As the pocket grows, it can damage the tiny hearing bones. Less commonly, it affects the balance system or facial nerve, or allows infection to spread.
How it is diagnosed
The ear is examined closely, often with a microscope. Hearing tests establish how well the ear works. A CT scan may show how far the disease extends and help plan treatment.
What treatment involves
Cleaning and prescribed drops may control discharge before surgery. The operation removes the disease, with hearing repair where possible. Some people need more than one procedure. Follow-up visits and sometimes scans check for remaining or returning disease.
When to seek urgent help
New facial weakness, severe dizziness, swelling behind the ear, high fever or a severe headache need urgent hospital assessment.
A note on your care
“An unfamiliar name can make an ear problem feel more worrying. You should leave the consultation understanding what we have found, why it matters and what happens next.”
A little more clarity
Common questions
Can antibiotics cure cholesteatoma?
They may settle an infection but cannot remove the trapped skin. An ENT surgeon will explain the treatment and timing.
Will surgery restore my hearing?
Hearing can improve, remain unchanged or worsen. The first aim is to remove the disease and protect the ear from further damage.
Does smelly discharge always mean cholesteatoma?
No. Several infections can cause discharge. An ear examination is needed, especially if it keeps returning or hearing has changed.
Why do I need checks after successful surgery?
Skin cells can remain or grow back. Follow-up can find a problem before symptoms become obvious.
Sources and review
Updated . General information to help you prepare for a consultation.
Clinically reviewed by Dr Adip Shetty on .